Military Rule in Nigeria Military rule in Nigeria first started on January 15, 1966, when a group or army officers overthrew the NPC-NNDP government and killed many of the country's political rulers. The federal government raises funds through taxing people and businesses. )0.6% of GDP (2020 est. The current head of the Joint Task Force in Niger Delta is Rear Admiral Akinjide Akinrinade. Obasanjo, quoted in Herbert M. Howe, Ambiguous Order: Military Forces in African States, Lynne Rienner, Boulder/London, 2001, p.54. )permanent crops: 7.4% (2018 est. As a way of forestalling any coup, he quickly established Supreme Military Council which was to manage affairs of the country. The following is a list of the military presidents that ruled Nigeria in the past: "Military Rule in Nigeria: History, Advantages & Disadvantages" by Abass, Nigerianfinder. )$22.755 billion (2018 est. Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. ), fresh water lake(s): Lake Chad (endorheic lake shared with Niger, Chad, and Cameroon) - 10,360-25,900 sq kmnote - area varies by season and year to year, Niger river mouth (shared with Guinea [s], Mali, Benin, and Niger) - 4,200 kmnote [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth, Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km)Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km), Lake Chad Basin, Lullemeden-Irhazer Aquifer System, largest population of any African nation; significant population clusters are scattered throughout the country, with the highest density areas being in the south and southwest as shown in this population distribution map, the Niger River enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea, Hausa 30%, Yoruba 15.5%, Igbo (Ibo) 15.2%, Fulani 6%, Tiv 2.4%, Kanuri/Beriberi 2.4%, Ibibio 1.8%, Ijaw/Izon 1.8%, other 24.9% (2018 est. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. Coincidentally, many Igbo Majors were promoted soon after the coup which furthered confirmed these speculations. ), improved: urban: 95.3% of populationrural: 68.8% of populationtotal: 82.6% of populationunimproved: urban: 4.7% of populationrural: 31.2% of populationtotal: 17.4% of population (2020 est. )$42.839 billion (31 December 2018 est. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. 4. Military rule in Nigeria first started on January 15, 1966, when a group or army officers overthrew the NPC-NNDP government and killed many of the countrys political rulers. I think you should know that according to Wikipedia, the major cause of federalism in Nigeria is the demand for the creation of newer states in Nigeria. ), $50.856 billion (2021 est.) National Defence Council; 3. The National Assembly serve as check on the executive arm of the government. Its major formations include the 1st Division, 2nd Division, 3rd Armoured Division, 81st Division, 82nd Division and the newly formed 8th, 7th and 6th Divisions. ), revenues: $12.92 billion (2017 est. )-$13.685 billion (2019 est. \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). This system features the 3 tiers of government (also known as levels of government), the arms of government (or branches of government), with leadership structure identifying the top 4 citizens. )permanent pasture: 33.3% (2018 est. The coup plotters went on to elect Lt Colonel Yakubu Gowon as the new head of State. note: data are in current year dollars$72.178 billion (2020 est.) The Structure of Military Rule in Nigeria The Head of State/President The Supreme Military Council (SMC); the Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC) The National Council States The Council of Ministers The Judiciary The Civil Service D. Achievements of the Military Rule in Nigeria Infrastructural developments e.g. ), 20.4 years (2018 est. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 62%male: 71.3%female: 52.7% (2018), total: 19.6%male: 19.8% NAfemale: 19.4% (2021 est.) The president appoints minister to each of the federal ministries. These quick successions of coup would later serve as the foundation for the civil war. the federal government and its components (state and local government). Presently, Nigeria has 774 local government councils, hence, 774 local government chairmen. ), production: 44,000 metric tons (2020 est. note: data are in current year dollars$100.82 billion (2019 est.) ), household consumption: 80% (2017 est. [23] The U.S. commercial military contractor, Military Professional Resources Inc. has been involved around 19992000 in advising on civil-military relations for the armed forces.[24]. The largely agrarian and subsistence-based economy is frequently disrupted by extended droughts common to the Sahel . It is the legislative branch at the state level of the Nigerian government structure. Top Degrees Note: A ministry with a minister and one or more minister of state has only one permanent secretary. 0-14 years: 40.69% (male 47,978,838/female 45,940,446)15-64 years: 55.95% (male 64,923,147/female 64,241,948)65 years and over: 3.36% (2023 est.) Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. Section 217-220 of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria thus addresses the Nigerian Armed Forces: The Nigerian Army (NA) is the land branch of the Nigerian Armed Forces and the largest among the armed forces. [7], The Nigerian Armed Forces were established in 1960 as the successor to the combat units of the Royal West African Frontier Force stationed in the country, which had previously served as the British Empire's multi-battalion field force, during Nigeria's protectorate period. But why? Government West-African Constitutional Development Nigerian Military Rule. In 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF) was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces, RWAFF, and in April 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over from the British War Office control of the Nigerian Military Forces. )proven reserves: 5,760,883,000,000 cubic meters (2021 est. The Nigerian Navy command structure today, consists of the Naval Headquarters in Abuja as well as three other operational commands with headquarters in Lagos, Calabar and Bayelsa. so that you can track your progress. )investment in inventories: 0.7% (2017 est. Nigeria operates a bicameral legislature at the federal level, and a unicameral legislature at the state level. Before January 1966, the various regions in Nigeria had different system of governments, at the grassroot level. A new constitution established a federal system with an elected prime minister and a ceremonial head of state. It has also seized power twice at home (1966 & 1983). Abdullahi Abacha, the 36-year-old son of the late Nigerian military dictator, Sani Abacha, is . structure of military government in nigeria. )note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49, 917 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. Even when there are less than 36 ministries, a minister is assisted by one or more minister of state (all in a bid to ensure the 36 states representation). It can also be prevented through accountability and transparency on the part of politicians. note: data are in current year dollars, India 16%, Spain 10%, United States 7%, France 7%, Netherlands 6% (2019), crude petroleum, natural gas, scrap vessels, flexible metal tubing, cocoa beans (2019), $66.107 billion (2021 est.) Quick Interesting Post: The History and Impacts of Military Rule in Nigeria. Reasons for Military Interventions in Nigeria, Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play, Major General J.T.U. Nigeria is a federal presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a multiparty system. [22] The army itself is governed by the Nigerian Army Council (NAC). )forest: 9.5% (2018 est. Use our classwork notes and past questions to prepare and pass Waec, Jamb and Neco once. Military intervention could be prevented with the eradication or reduction in the level of corruption in Nigeria by politicians. Shehu Shagari wasnt killed but this coup led to the death of a loyal officer to the government in the person of Brigadier Ibrahim Bako. roads, airports, railways etc Gowon was succeeded by Muritala Mohammed but his administration was also shortlived and in February 1976, General Muritala Mohammed was assassinated by Buka Suka Dimka in a violent coup attempt. WITHIN NIGERIA has highlighted two significant events that took place on March 4 in Nigeria history in an effort to raise awareness for educational purpose. (ret.) President Olusegun Obasanjo in August 2003, committed the Nigerian troops once again into Liberia, at the appeal of the United States, to provide an interim presence until the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) arrived. B. [30], There is a Joint Task Force in the Niger Delta region designated-- "Restore Hope". The cabinet members include 36 ministers, each chosen from the 36 states of Nigeria by the president. Federalism is a system of government in which governmental powers that exists in a country are shared between central government and component region. )methane emissions: 143.99 megatons (2020 est. )wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The Council of States: This was an innovation introduced by Murtala Mohammed. Obasanjo had successfully handed over to Alhaji Shehu Shagari in 1979 but he was overthrown in the 31 st December 1983 by the General Muhammad Buhari. )2.21% (2019 est. It is composed of the Head of State, Chief of General Staff, Minister of Defense; service chiefs of the Army, Air force and Navy, Inspector General of Police, Attorney General and all military Governors. )consumption: 18,787,602,000 cubic meters (2019 est. At this point in time, the Nigerian military ballooned in strength from 85,000 personnel in 1967, to more than 250,000 troops by the war's end. Also Read: Nigerian taxation and tax system explained. 2 (1970): 227251. The operational head of the AFN is the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is subordinate to the Nigerian Defence Minister. roads, airports, railways etc, Encouragement of regional cooperation e.g. National Economic Council. It is also defined as the system of government in which governmental powers are shared between the central government, i.e. Nigeria, my country, blessed with the best brains and rains to grow our grains, operating a democratic system that guarantees political freedom, equality of citizenship, and more.. It is the level of government that is closer to the people and is within the people. These commissioners and advisers cannot be members of the state house of assembly neither can they be members of the national assembly. The army took control of the government in Ni-geria in two coups d'tat in 1966. Nigeria is a Rentier state. This coup was led by Major General Gideon Orkah but it failed again. note: data are in current year dollars$69.927 billion (2019 est.) Topic: Structure And Weaknesses Of Military Rule In Nigeria The federal level is presided over by the President. We have in the apex the big Commander-in-Chief and it then goes down. While most movement of Nigerians is internal, significant emigration regionally and to the West provides an outlet for Nigerians looking for economic opportunities, seeking asylum, and increasingly pursuing higher education. This LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL comprises of the local government chairman, who is the C. E. O of the local government areas (a president at the local government level), and his Councillors, other elected members (like ministers too but at the local government level). The masses should be given political education so as to be able to fight for their right when it is being infringed upon. N.J. Miners, The Nigerian Army 195666, Methuen and Co. Ltd, London, 1971. Generation of revenues for the country and its states. [38] Nigeria has contributed more than 20,000 troops/police to various UN missions since 1960. It is presided over by the speaker of the house. )13.25% (2020 est. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Passnownow.com digitally democratizes access to education content for Nigerian Students and Teachers. )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. In summary, we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. So there was a break from military rule between 1976 and 1983. In 1990, another coup was staged to unseat the Military Head. This happened on the 15thof January 1966 and that marked the beginning of military rule in the country. The federal executive arm, legislative arm and also the judiciary are the components in the Nigerian government structure that collectively work together to help achieve a flawless federal system. This led to the execution of Mamman Vatsa and 10 other military officers that same year. subvert labour movement activities in Nigeria; that is, Military government demoralize union right, Problems of internal democracy is a threat to trade . Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon, total: 923,768 sq kmland: 910,768 sq kmwater: 13,000 sq km, about six times the size of Georgia; slightly more than twice the size of California, total: 4,477 kmborder countries (4): Benin 809 km; Cameroon 1,975 km; Chad 85 km; Niger 1,608 km, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation, varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north, southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north, highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 mlowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 mmean elevation: 380 m, natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land, agricultural land: 78% (2018 est. The Nigerian Air Force was formally established in January 1964, with technical assistance from West Germany. Economic Systems. Provision of security to its citizens lives and properties. Smaller army forces have been previously sent on UN and ECOWAS deployments in the former Yugoslavia, Guinea-Bissau, and Sierra Leone. )9.71% (2020 est. )306.921 (2019 est. [20], Since its creation, the Nigerian military has fought in a civil war the conflict with Biafra in 196770 and sent peacekeeping forces abroad, both with the United Nations and as the backbone of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Cease-fire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Local government must be administered by democratically elected officials. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.03 (2020 est. The lower chamber is known as the House of Representatives. Government Structure In 1999, after decades of intermittent military control, Nigeria adopted constitutional reforms that reinstated a civilian government. However, the Buhari Government was in power for just 20 months as Major General Ibrahim Babangida would later stage a coup on the 27thof August 1985 leading to the ouster of the Buhari-led Government. )industry: 22.5% (2016 est. Guest post The Nigerian government structure has taken on different shapes from 1960, when she gained her independence. The NCNC, now headed by Azikiwe (who had taken control after Macaulay's death in 1946), formed a coalition with Balewa's NPC after neither party won a majority in the 1959 elections. ), total petroleum production: 1,646,900 bbl/day (2021 est. Olusegun Obasanjo, who by 1999, had become president, bemoaned the fact in his inaugural address that year: " Professionalism has been lost my heart bleeds to see the degradation in the proficiency of the military. The first one was in 1986, just a year after Ibrahim Babangida was sworn into power, Major General Mamman Vatsa had led a coup to overthrow the government of President Babangida but this coup failed. Registration of birth, death, and marriage certificates (take a look at your birth certificate, now you understand, right?). )expenditures: $19.54 billion (2017 est. The speaker of the house is assisted by the deputy speaker of the house. Politicians should learn how to avoid ethnic politics in order not to attract military rule. ), women married by age 15: 15.7%women married by age 18: 43.4%men married by age 18: 3.2% (2018 est. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASEnote: adopted 1978; lyrics are a mixture of the five top entries in a national contest, total World Heritage Sites: 2 (both cultural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Sukur Cultural Landscape; Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, one of the largest West African economies; oil-dependent exports, revenues, and credit; COVID-19 and oil price shocks have resulted in slowing growth, high inflation, increasing unemployment; frequent disruptions due to political instability, especially in the north, $1.05 trillion (2021 est. The Air Force did not get a combat capability until a number of MiG-17 aircraft were presented by the Soviet Union in 1966. )imports: 0 kWh (2019 est. On this date, March 4 in 1999, military government freed the remaining people imprisoned two years ago for . Term: First Term (Week 2) People Ive done 10yrs studying this, just did in 10mins, Oasdom.com 2015 - 2022 Blogten Limited, The Nigerian Government Structure Explained, The Top 10 Best Colleges In UK (QS Ranking), Top 51 Best University In Nigeria (Latest), The history of Abuja How it was created, List of all Nigerian presidents from 1960 till date, creation of the 36 state and capital in Nigeria, The History and Impacts of Military Rule in Nigeria, Updated list of 20 local governments in Lagos state and their wards, History of Military Rule in Nigeria Causes and Impacts, Nigerian taxation and tax system explained, Nigerian Government revenue allocation and sharing formula, The relationship between the three tiers of government in Nigeria. There are five operational bases; five forward operational bases (with two more soon to come on stream), two dockyards located in Lagos and Port Harcourt and two fleets based in Lagos and Calabar. )services: 56.4% (2017 est. This arose from the monumental annulment, by the Babangida military regime, of the June 12 1993, presidential election, adjudged by . Nigerian Army Education Corps and School, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 16:09. ), 9.79% (2021 est. Particularly, due to the fact that many of the leaders and military officers murdered during that coup were northerners. The Army has demonstrated its capability to mobilize, deploy, and sustain brigade-sized forces in support of peacekeeping operations in Liberia. )investment in fixed capital: 14.8% (2017 est. The local governmentin Nigeria is the third and the last level of government in Nigerian government structure. formal Government Structure for Real Governance Impact in Nigeria By Samson R. Akinola, PhD1 and Ayo Adesopo, PhD2 . The Chief Judge of each state is appointed by the governor of that state on the advice of the National Judicial Council and the State House of Assembly. It has similar functions as the National House of Assembly. )hydroelectricity: 21.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The president appoints his ministers; and these ministers make up his cabinet. The Supreme Court is presided over by the Chief Justice of Nigeria and 13 associate justices. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 1,889,100 bbl/day (2018 est. Lesson notes Conflicttriggered by political competition and communal, ethnic, religious or resource allocation rivalriesposes a major threat to democracy. In doing so, it played an appreciable part in reinforcing the military's nearly first-among-equals status within Nigerian society, and the linked decline in military effectiveness. Age structure 0-14 years: 40.69% (male 47,978,838/female 45,940,446) 15-64 years: 55.95% (male 64,923,147/female 64,241,948) 65 years and over: 3.36% (2023 est.) )wine: 0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. They have the following duties to perform: Now, lets talk about the arms of government in Nigeria. The president is head of both state and government, and leads the Federal Executive Council (cabinet). in or register, Presidential and legislative elections were held in early 2019 and deemed broadly free and fair despite voting irregularities, intimidation, and violence. )agricultural: 5.51 billion cubic meters (2017 est. The senate president is assisted by the deputy senate president in the guidance and regulation of the proceedings in the senate. [5] With a force of more than 2,230,000 active personnel, the Nigerian military is one of the largest uniformed combat services in Africa. Five Tips to Make Sure Your Air Conditioner Is Set for Everything You Need to Know About Sports Betting in Africa, The Dutch Football Coach That Uses Strange Methods, How Does Live In-Game Betting Work: Everything You Must Know. There are 774 local government areas in the Nigerian government structure, with Kano having the largest number of 44 and the smallest number of 9 belonging to Bayelsa state. [12][13] Compounding this state of affairs is the role corruption plays in the ongoing attempts to strengthen the armed forces. Like, comment, and share, Wow, very detailed, very good work. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 99 (2020 est. Im just going to give a quick list here. ), lowest 10%: 1.8%highest 10%: 38.2% (2010 est. Aguiyi-Ironsi (January 16, 1966 July 29, 1966), General Yakubu Gowon (August 2, 1966 July 29, 1975), General Murtala Mohammed (July 29, 1975 February 13, 1976), General Olusegun Obasanjo (February 14, 1976 September 30, 1979), Major-General Muhammadu Buhari (December 31, 1983 August 27, 1985), General Ibrahim Babangida (August 27, 1985 August 26, 1993), General Sani Abacha (November 16, 1993 June 8, 1998), General Abdulsalami Abubakar (June 9, 1998 May 29, 1999). The Nigerian Air force is currently headed by Air Marshal Isiaka Oladayo Amao. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. Mismanagement and wastage of public funds. Nigeria's default on the issues of democracy and/or good governance and human rights, strained, without a shadow of a doubt, the relationship between the country's civil society, the international community and the Nigerian state under General Sani Abacha. The House of Assembly of each state consists of 3 x the total number of seats that state has in the House of Representatives. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy. The training command headquarters are located in Lagos, the commercial capital of Nigeria, but with training facilities spread all over Nigeria. The country was at its infantile stage and was still trying to adapt to its new state of independence. )11.4% (2019 est.). )industrial: 1.965 billion cubic meters (2017 est. Altogether 38 soldiers and 1 civilian were executed by firing squad as a result of their involvement in this coup. ), fossil fuels: 78.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. The functions of the state government, amongst other functions, include: The local governments in Nigeria are not there for fancy neither are they fancy names to rake in public funds. This is a lesson from the tutorial, West-African Constitutional Development and you are encouraged to log Each state has its local government areas into which it is divided into. Local government must enjoy substantial autonomy to The Senate is presided over by a chairman, elected by indirect voting. Regionalism was introduced to the Nigeria system by the Richards Constitution. The Council of Ministers: This consists of the President, Vice President and the ministers some of whom were military officers, while others were politicians. National Mass Media Commission; 5. notable engagements including its 2017 involvement as part of the ECOWAS military intervention in the Gambia. These trends in the development of the armed forces as a fighting force, as well as efforts to combat corruption within the ranks of military personnel and government bureaucracy, have been critically important in the ability of Nigeria to confront challenges to its national security and stability in the wider region of West Africa as a whole. After realizing revenue from various sources, the federal government is responsible for the following basic duties: States were created to achieve effective administration of resources and to serve as a closer link for the people to access the benefits of the federal government. The military history of Nigeria since the colonial rule began precisely on the 1 st October 1966. Abdullahi, who is the second to the last son of the military dictator died on Friday night in Abuja. ), $4,900 (2021 est. (d) perform such other functions as may be prescribed by an act of the National Assembly. [33][34][35] This doctrine of African military intervention by Nigeria is sometimes called Pax Nigeriana.[36]. The military derives pleasure in passing harsh laws (draconian laws) which sometimes take retroactive effect. After this coup, Lt Colonel Yakubu Gowon was sworn in to power. These divisions are referred to as the 3 tiers of government and the Nigerian government is divided into three levels which include: Now, lets quickly talk about these three tiers of government in Nigeria. Constitution: Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The training command headquarters are located in Lagos, the commercial capital of Nigeria, but with training facilities spread all over Nigeria. Failure to conduct an acceptable population census. ), number of registered air carriers: 13 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 104annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 8,169,192 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 19.42 million (2018) mt-km, total: 40over 3,047 m: 102,438 to 3,047 m: 121,524 to 2,437 m: 9914 to 1,523 m: 6under 914 m: 3 (2021), total: 141,524 to 2,437 m: 2914 to 1,523 m: 9under 914 m: 3 (2021), 124 km condensate, 4,045 km gas, 164 km liquid petroleum gas, 4,441 km oil, 3,940 km refined products (2013), total: 3,798 km (2014)standard gauge: 293 km (2014) 1.435-m gaugenarrow gauge: 3,505 km (2014) 1.067-m gaugenote: as of the end of 2018, there were only six operational locomotives in Nigeria primarily used for passenger service; the majority of the rail lines are in a severe state of disrepair and need to be replaced, total: 195,000 km (2017)paved: 60,000 km (2017)unpaved: 135,000 km (2017), 8,600 km (2011) (Niger and Benue Rivers and smaller rivers and creeks), total: 791by type: general cargo 14, oil tanker 110, other 667 (2021), major seaport(s): Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagosoil terminal(s): Bonny Terminal, Brass Terminal, Escravos Terminal, Forcados Terminal, Pennington Terminal, Qua Iboe TerminalLNG terminal(s) (export): Bonny Island, Nigerian Armed Forces: Army, Navy (includes Coast Guard), Air Force; Ministry of Interior: Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corps (NSCDC) (2022)note 1: the NSCDC a paramilitary agency commissioned to assist the military in the management of threats to internal security, including attacks and natural disastersnote 2: some states have created local security forces in response to increased violence, insecurity, and criminality that have exceeded the response capacity of government security forces, 0.7% of GDP (2021 est. All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. )government consumption: 5.8% (2017 est. Jimi Peters, 'The Nigerian Military and the State,' 1997. Nigeria is a republic with a federal democracy and an executive president. Legislative power is vested in the government and the bicameral legislature; the latter consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. )solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. There were 9 casualties as a result of this attempt. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 231,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Since then, in its top-level positions, the country has been ruled by military or police officers, with one solitary civilian governor in the Ibo East Central State. Register or login to make commenting easier. Subject: Government These federal ministries are civil service departments responsible for carrying out different types of government services. Nigeria is dominantly made of three prominent regions: the North (Hausa Fulani), the West (Yorubas) and the East (Igbos) with minorities in other regions.The military took over the leadership.
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